Method, device, and graphical user interface providing word recommendations for text input

ABSTRACT

A portable electronic device having a touch screen display performs a set of operations, including displaying a plurality of key icons, each having an adjustable size hit region, and receiving a sequence of individual touch points input by a user on the touch screen display. The operations performed by the device further include processing the received individual touch points by: forming a user-input directed graph for the sequence of individual touch points received so far, determining a character corresponding to a last received individual touch point in accordance with the adjustable hit regions of the displayed key icons, displaying a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence of individual touch points, and updating sizes of the adjustable hit regions for a plurality of the key icons in accordance with the sequence of individual touch points input by the user.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/270,396, filed Feb. 7, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/800,378, filed Jul. 15, 2015, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/559,495, filed Jul.26, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,086,802, which is a divisional applicationof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/165,554, filed Jun. 30, 2008, nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,232,973, which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/010,619, “Method, Device, and Graphical UserInterface Providing Word Recommendations for Text Input,” filed Jan. 9,2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference hereinin their entirety.

This application is related to: U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/620,641, “Method and System for Providing Word Recommendations forText Input,” filed Jan. 5, 2007; U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/620,642, “Method, System, and Graphical User Interface for ProvidingWord Recommendations,” filed Jan. 5, 2007; U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/850,015, “Methods for Determining a Cursor Position from a FingerContact with a Touch Screen Display,” filed Sep. 4, 2007; and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/101,832, “Touch Screen Device, Method,and Graphical User Interface for Determining Commands by ApplyingHeuristics,” filed Apr. 11, 2008. All of these applications areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed embodiments relate generally to text input on portablecommunication devices, and more particularly, to methods and systems forproviding word recommendations in response to text input.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the functional capabilities of portable communicationsdevices have increased dramatically. Current devices enablecommunication by voice, text, and still or moving images. Communicationby text, such as by email, instant message (IM) or short messagingservice (SMS), has proven to be quite popular.

However, the size of these portable communication devices also restrictsthe size of the text input device, such as a physical or virtualkeyboard, in the portable device. With a size-restricted keyboard,designers are often forced to make the keys smaller or overload thekeys. Both may lead to typing mistakes and thus more backtracking tocorrect the mistakes. This makes the process of communication by text onthe devices inefficient and reduces user satisfaction with such portablecommunication devices.

Accordingly, there is a need for more efficient ways of entering textinto portable devices.

SUMMARY

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method,performed at a portable electronic device having a touch screen display,includes displaying a plurality of key icons, each key icon having anadjustable hit region of dynamically adjustable size, and receiving asequence of individual touch points input by a user on the touch screendisplay. Each touch point is determined at lift off of a contact fromthe touch screen display. An image with an enlarged version of acharacter that will be selected as the character corresponding to anindividual touch point is displayed prior to lift off of a respectivecontact, wherein the character image that is displayed prior to lift offis selected in accordance with the adjustable hit regions of thedisplayed key icons. After receiving each of the individual touchpoints, the method performs a set of operations, including: forming auser-input directed graph for the sequence of individual touch pointsreceived so far; determining a character corresponding to a lastreceived individual touch point in accordance with the adjustable hitregions of the displayed key icons; displaying a sequence of characterscorresponding to the sequence of individual touch points, including thedetermined character; and updating sizes of the adjustable hit regionsfor a plurality of the key.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium,for use in conjunction with a portable electronic device having a touchscreen display, stores one or more programs for execution by one or moreprocessors of the portable electronic device. The one or more programsinclude instructions for displaying on the touch screen display aplurality of key icons, each key icon having an adjustable hit region ofdynamically adjustable size. The one or more programs further includeinstructions for receiving a sequence of individual touch points inputby a user on the touch screen display. Each touch point is determined atlift off of a contact from the touch screen display. An image with anenlarged version of a character that will be selected as the charactercorresponding to an individual touch point is displayed prior to liftoff of a respective contact, wherein the character image that isdisplayed prior to lift off is selected in accordance with theadjustable hit regions of the displayed key icons. The one or moreprograms further include instructions for processing the receivedindividual touch points by performing operations after receiving each ofthe individual touch points, the operations including: forming auser-input directed graph for the sequence of individual touch pointsreceived so far; determining a character corresponding to a lastreceived individual touch point in accordance with the adjustable hitregions of the displayed key icons; displaying on the touch screendisplay a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence ofindividual touch points, including the determined character; andupdating sizes of the adjustable hit regions for a plurality of the keyicons.

In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device havinga touch screen display includes one or more processors, memory, and oneor more programs stored in the memory, the one or more programsconfigured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or moreprograms include instructions for displaying on the touch screen displaya plurality of key icons, each key icon having an adjustable hit regionof dynamically adjustable size. The one or more programs further includeinstructions for receiving a sequence of individual touch points inputby a user on the touch screen display. Each touch point is determined atlift off of a contact from the touch screen display. An image with anenlarged version of a character that will be selected as the charactercorresponding to an individual touch point is displayed prior to liftoff of a respective contact, wherein the character image that isdisplayed prior to lift off is selected in accordance with theadjustable hit regions of the displayed key icons. The one or moreprograms further include instructions for processing the receivedindividual touch points by performing operations after receiving each ofthe individual touch points, the operations including: forming auser-input directed graph for the sequence of individual touch pointsreceived so far; determining a character corresponding to a lastreceived individual touch point in accordance with the adjustable hitregions of the displayed key icons; displaying on the touch screendisplay a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence ofindividual touch points, including the determined character; andupdating sizes of the adjustable hit regions for a plurality of the keyicons.

In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device havinga touch screen display includes one or more processors and memory. Theportable electronic device further includes means for displaying on thetouch screen display a plurality of key icons, each key icon having anadjustable hit region of dynamically adjustable size, and means forreceiving a sequence of individual touch points input by a user on thetouch screen display. Each touch point is determined at lift off of acontact from the touch screen display. An image with an enlarged versionof a character that will be selected as the character corresponding toan individual touch point is displayed prior to lift off of a respectivecontact, wherein the character image that is displayed prior to lift offis selected in accordance with the adjustable hit regions of thedisplayed key icons. The portable electronic device further includesmeans for processing the received individual touch points by performingoperations after receiving each of the individual touch points, theoperations including: forming a user-input directed graph for thesequence of individual touch points received so far; determining acharacter corresponding to a last received individual touch point inaccordance with the adjustable hit regions of the displayed key icons;displaying on the touch screen display a sequence of characterscorresponding to the sequence of individual touch points, including thedetermined character; and updating sizes of the adjustable hit regionsfor a plurality of the key icons.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method,performed at a portable electronic device having a touch screen display,includes displaying a plurality of key icons, receiving a sequence ofindividual touch points input by a user on the touch screen display, anddisplaying a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence ofindividual touch points. The method also includes receiving a touchpoint corresponding to a deletion key icon, and deleting one or more ofthe displayed characters to produce a shortened sequence of characters.Then the method includes receiving additional individual touch points.After receiving each of the additional individual touch points, themethod performs a set of operations, including displaying a currentsequence of characters including characters associated with theadditional individual touch points, and determining and displaying asuggested character string only when the suggested character stringstarts with the shortened sequence of characters and the suggestedcharacter string meets predefined character string suggestion criteria.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium,for use in conjunction with a portable electronic device having a touchscreen display, stores one or more programs for execution by one or moreprocessors of the portable electronic device. The one or more programsinclude instructions for displaying on the touch screen display aplurality of key icons, for receiving a sequence of individual touchpoints input by a user on the touch screen display, and for displayingon the touch screen display a sequence of characters corresponding tothe sequence of individual touch points. The one or more programs alsoinclude instructions for receiving a touch point corresponding to adeletion key icon, and for deleting one or more of the displayedcharacters to produce a shortened sequence of characters. The one ormore programs further include instructions for receiving additionalindividual touch points, and instructions for processing the receivedindividual touch points by performing operations after receiving each ofthe additional individual touch points, including displaying a currentsequence of characters including characters associated with theadditional individual touch points, and determining and displaying asuggested character string only when the suggested character stringstarts with the shortened sequence of characters and the suggestedcharacter string meets predefined character string suggestion criteria.

In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device havinga touch screen display includes one or more processors, memory, and oneor more programs stored in the memory, the one or more programsconfigured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or moreprograms include instructions for displaying on the touch screen displaya plurality of key icons, for receiving a sequence of individual touchpoints input by a user on the touch screen display, and for displayingon the touch screen display a sequence of characters corresponding tothe sequence of individual touch points. The one or more programs alsoinclude instructions for receiving a touch point corresponding to adeletion key icon, and for deleting one or more of the displayedcharacters to produce a shortened sequence of characters. The one ormore programs further include instructions for receiving additionalindividual touch points, and instructions for processing the receivedindividual touch points by performing operations after receiving each ofthe additional individual touch points, including displaying a currentsequence of characters including characters associated with theadditional individual touch points, and determining and displaying asuggested character string only when the suggested character stringstarts with the shortened sequence of characters and the suggestedcharacter string meets predefined character string suggestion criteria.

In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic device havinga touch screen display includes one or more processors and memory. Theportable electronic device further includes means for displaying on thetouch screen display a plurality of key icons, and means for receiving asequence of individual touch points input by a user on the touch screendisplay, and means for displaying on the touch screen display a sequenceof characters corresponding to the sequence of individual touch points.The portable electronic device also includes means for receiving a touchpoint corresponding to a deletion key icon, and means for deleting oneor more of the displayed characters to produce a shortened sequence ofcharacters. The portable electronic device further includes means forreceiving additional individual touch points, and means for processingthe received individual touch points by performing operations afterreceiving each of the additional individual touch points, includingdisplaying a current sequence of characters including charactersassociated with the additional individual touch points, and determiningand displaying a suggested character string only when the suggestedcharacter string starts with the shortened sequence of characters andthe suggested character string meets predefined character stringsuggestion criteria.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method,performed at a portable electronic device having a touch screen display,includes: displaying a current character string being input by a userwith a soft keyboard in a first area of the touch screen display;displaying a suggested replacement character string for the currentcharacter string in a second area of the touch screen display, whereinthe second area includes a suggestion rejection icon adjacent to thesuggested replacement character string; replacing the current characterstring in the first area with the suggested replacement character stringin response to detecting user activation of a key on the soft keyboardassociated with a delimiter; and keeping the current character string inthe first area and ceasing to display the suggested replacementcharacter string and the suggestion rejection icon in response todetecting a finger gesture on the suggested replacement character stringdisplayed in the second area.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage mediumhas stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portableelectronic device with a touch screen display, cause the portableelectronic device to: display a current character string being input bya user with a soft keyboard in a first area of the touch screen display;display a suggested replacement character string for the currentcharacter string in a second area of the touch screen display, whereinthe second area includes a suggestion rejection icon adjacent to thesuggested replacement character string; replace the current characterstring in the first area with the suggested replacement character stringin response to detecting user activation of a key on the soft keyboardassociated with a delimiter; and keep the current character string inthe first area and cease to display the suggested replacement characterstring and the suggestion rejection icon in response to detecting afinger gesture on the suggested replacement character string displayedin the second area.

In accordance with some embodiments, a portable electronic deviceincludes: a touch screen display; one or more processors; memory; andone or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memoryand configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one ormore programs include instructions for: displaying a current characterstring being input by a user with a soft keyboard in a first area of thetouch screen display; displaying a suggested replacement characterstring for the current character string in a second area of the touchscreen display, wherein the second area includes a suggestion rejectionicon adjacent to the suggested replacement character string; replacingthe current character string in the first area with the suggestedreplacement character string in response to detecting user activation ofa key on the soft keyboard associated with a delimiter; and keeping thecurrent character string in the first area and ceasing to display thesuggested replacement character string and the suggestion rejection iconin response to detecting a finger gesture on the suggested replacementcharacter string displayed in the second area.

In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on aportable electronic device with a touch screen display includes a firstarea of the touch screen display; a current character string being inputby a user with a soft keyboard in the first area of the touch screendisplay; and a second area of the touch screen display that includes asuggested replacement character string and a suggestion rejection iconadjacent to the suggested replacement character string. In response todetecting user activation of a key on the soft keyboard associated witha delimiter, the current character string in the first area is replacedwith the suggested replacement character string. In response todetecting a finger gesture on the suggested replacement character stringdisplayed in the second area, the current character string is kept inthe first area and display of the suggested replacement character stringand the suggestion rejection icon are ceased.

Thus, the embodiments provide more efficient ways to enter text in aportable device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of theinvention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should bemade to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with thefollowing drawings in which like reference numerals refer tocorresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portable communications devicein accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of providing wordrecommendations in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of scoring candidatewords in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of selecting andpresenting candidate words in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate exemplary layouts of letter keys on akeyboard in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary derivation of candidate words based ontext input in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate examples of scoring of candidate words inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an exemplary method for dynamically adjustinghidden hit regions associated with soft keyboard keys as a word is typedwith the soft keyboard keys in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary derivation of candidate words based ontext input in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are flow diagrams illustrating text input processes inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an exemplary user interface for inputtingtext in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for inputting text on aportable electronic device with a soft keyboard and a touch screendisplay in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detaileddescription, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without these specific details. In other instances,well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks havenot been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspectsof the embodiments.

A portable communication device includes a user interface and a textinput device. Via the interface and the text input device, a user mayenter text into the device. The text includes words, which are sequencesof characters separated by whitespaces or particular punctuation. For aword as it is being entered or an entered word, the device identifiesand offers word recommendations that may be selected by the user toreplace the word as inputted by the user.

Attention is now directed to an embodiment of a portable communicationsdevice.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a device 100,such as a portable electronic device having a touch-sensitive display112. The device 100 may include a memory controller 120, one or moredata processors, image processors and/or central processing units 118and a peripherals interface 116. The memory controller 120, the one ormore processors 118 and/or the peripherals interface 116 may be separatecomponents or maybe integrated, such as in one or more integratedcircuits 104. The various components in the device 100 may be coupled byone or more communication buses or signal lines 103.

The peripherals interface 116 may be coupled to an optical sensor (notshown), such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor; RF circuitry 108; audiocircuitry 110; and/or an input/output (I/O) subsystem 106. The audiocircuitry 110 may be coupled to a speaker 142 and a micro-phone 144. Thedevice 100 may support voice recognition and/or voice replication. TheRF circuitry 108 may be coupled to one or more antennas 146 and mayallow communication with one or more additional devices, computersand/or servers using a wireless network. The device 100 may support avariety of communications protocols, including code division multipleaccess (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), EnhancedData GSM Environment (EDGE), Wi-Fi (such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b,IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), Bluetooth, Wi-MAX, a protocol foremail, instant messaging, and/or a short message service (SMS), or anyother suitable communication protocol, including communication protocolsnot yet developed as of the filing date of this document. In anexemplary embodiment, the device 100 may be, at least in part, acellular telephone.

The I/O subsystem 106 may include a touch screen controller 152 and/orother input controller(s) 154. The touch-screen controller 152 may becoupled to a touch-sensitive screen or touch sensitive display system112.

The touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface andan output interface between the device and a user. The displaycontroller 152 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to thedisplay system 112. The display system 112 displays visual output to theuser. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, andany combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In someembodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond touser-interface objects, further details of which are described below.

A touch screen in display system 112 is a touch-sensitive surface thataccepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Thedisplay system 112 and the display controller 152 (along with anyassociated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detectcontact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the displaysystem 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction withuser-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages orimages) that are displayed on the touch screen. The touch screen 112 maybe used to implement virtual or soft buttons and/or a keyboard. In anexemplary embodiment, a point of contact between a touch screen in thedisplay system 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.

The touch screen in the display system 112 may use LCD (liquid crystaldisplay) technology, or LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology,although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments.The touch screen in the display system 112 and the display controller152 may detect contact and any movement or breaking (lift off) thereofusing any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known orlater developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive,infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as otherproximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or morepoints of contact with a touch screen in the display system 112. Atouch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the display system 112may be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive tablets described in thefollowing U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No.6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932(Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, atouch screen in the display system 112 displays visual output from theportable device 100, whereas touch sensitive tablets do not providevisual output. The touch screen in the display system 112 may have aresolution in excess of 100 dpi. In an exemplary embodiment, the touchscreen in the display system has a resolution of approximately 168 dpi.The user may make contact with the touch screen in the display system112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger,and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed towork primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which are muchless precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contactof a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the devicetranslates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursorposition (e.g., a touch point position) or command for performing theactions desired by the user.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the display system 112may be as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,”filed on May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862,“Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed on May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive InputDevices,” filed on Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed on Jan.31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-BasedGraphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed onJan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “VirtualInput Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed on Sep.16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation OfA Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed on Sep. 16, 2005; (8)U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys OfA Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed on Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-HeldDevice,” filed on Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

The other input controller(s) 154 may be coupled to other input/controldevices 114, such as one or more buttons, a keyboard, infrared port, USBport, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons(not shown) may include an up/down button for volume control of thespeaker 142 and/or the micro-phone 144. The one or more buttons (notshown) may include a push button. A quick press of the push button (notshown) may engage or disengage a lock of the touch screen 112. A longerpress of the push button (not shown) may turn power to the device 100 onor off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or moreof the buttons.

In some embodiments, the device 100 may include circuitry for supportinga location determining capability, such as that provided by the globalpositioning system (GPS). In some embodiments, the device 100 may beused to play back recorded music stored in one or more files, such asMP3 files or AAC files. In some embodiments, the device 100 may includethe functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of AppleComputer, Inc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin(e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/orcompatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod devices.

The device 100 also includes a power system 137 for powering the variouscomponents. The power system 137 may include a power management system,one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), arecharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converteror inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode(LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices. The device 100may also include one or more external ports 135 for connecting thedevice 100 to other devices.

The memory controller 120 may be coupled to memory 102 with one or moretypes of computer readable storage media. Memory 102 may includehigh-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, such as oneor more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical storagedevices, and/or flash memory. Memory 102 may store an operating system122, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embeddedoperating system such as VxWorks. The operating system 122 may includeprocedures (or sets of instructions) for handling basic system servicesand for performing hardware dependent tasks. Memory 102 may also storecommunication procedures (or sets of instructions) in a communicationmodule 124. The communication procedures may be used for communicatingwith one or more additional devices, one or more computers and/or one ormore servers. Memory 102 may include a display module (or a set ofinstructions) 125, a contact/motion module (or a set of instructions)126 to determine one or more points of contact and/or their movement,and a graphics module (or a set of instructions) 128. The graphicsmodule 128 may support widgets, that is, modules or applications withembedded graphics. The widgets may be implemented using JavaScript,HTML, or other suitable languages.

Memory 102 may also include one or more applications 130. Examples ofapplications include email applications, text messaging or instantmessaging applications, web browsers, memo pad applications, addressbooks or contact lists, and calendars.

Also in memory 102 are one or more dictionaries 132 and a wordrecommendation module (or set of instructions) 134. In some embodiments,a dictionary contains a list of words and corresponding usage frequencyrankings. The usage frequency ranking of a word is the statistical usagefrequency for that word in a language, or by a predefined group orpeople, or by the user of the device 100, or a combination thereof. Asdescribed below, a dictionary may include multiple usage frequencyrankings for regional variations of the same language and/or be tailoredto a user's own usage frequency, e.g., derived from the user's prioremails, text messages, address book, and other previous input from theuser. The word recommendation module identifies word recommendations forpresentation to the user in response to text input by the user.

Each of the above identified modules and applications corresponds to aset of instructions for performing one or more functions describedabove. These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not beimplemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules. Thevarious modules and sub-modules may be rearranged and/or combined.Memory 102 may include additional modules and/or sub-modules, or fewermodules and/or sub-modules. Memory 102, therefore, may include a subsetor a superset of the above identified modules and/or sub-modules.Various functions of the device 100 may be implemented in hardwareand/or in software, including in one or more signal processing and/orapplication specific integrated circuits.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 2, a flow diagram illustrating aprocess of providing word recommendations in accordance with someembodiments. Process flow 200 describes a process of providing wordrecommendations in response to input of a character string by a user.

A sequence of input characters is received from an input device (202). Auser inputs a sequence of characters into the portable communicationsdevice via an input device, such as a keyboard, and the device receivesthe input. As used herein, the input character sequence is a sequence ofnon-whitespace characters, delimited by whitespaces or punctuation,input by the user via the input device. The sequence of characters mayconstitute a word.

In some embodiments, the input device is a virtual keyboard (also calleda soft keyboard) displayed on a touch-sensitive display of the portabledevice, where the user hits the keys of the keyboard (“types on thekeyboard”) by touching the touch-sensitive display on locationscorresponding to keys of the virtual keyboard. In some otherembodiments, the input device is a physical keyboard on the device (alsocalled a hard keyboard).

The keyboard, whether virtual or physical, has a plurality of keys, eachkey corresponding to one or more characters, such as letters, numbers,punctuation, or symbols. The keys are arranged in accordance with apredefined layout that defines the positions of the keys on thekeyboard. On the layout, each key has at least one neighbor key. In someembodiments, the keyboard layout follows the well-known QWERTY layout ora variant thereof. In some other embodiments, the keyboard layout mayfollow other layouts. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the layout maychange depending on the language used on the device. For example, ifEnglish is selected as the user interface language, then the activekeyboard layout may be the QWERTY layout, and other layouts may beactive when another language, such as Swedish or French, is selected asthe user interface language. Further details regarding keyboard layoutsare described below in relation to FIG. 5.

Permutations of input characters and neighbor characters are determinedand a set of strings are generated from the permutations (204). As usedherein, a “permutation” is a sequence of characters, wherein eachcharacter in the sequence is either the input character in thecorresponding position in the input character sequence or a neighborcharacter of that input character on the keyboard layout. The firstcharacter in the permutation is the first character of the inputcharacter sequence or a neighbor of that first character on the keyboardlayout, the second character in the permutation is the second characterof the input character sequence or a neighbor of that second characteron the keyboard layout, and so forth, up to and perhaps including thelast character in the input character sequence. Thus, the length of apermutation and of a generated string is at most the length of the inputcharacter sequence.

For example, if the input sequence is “rheater,” then the firstcharacter in any of the permutations generated for this input sequenceis “r” (the first character in the input sequence) or any charactersthat are neighbors to “r” on the keyboard layout. The second characterin a permutation is “h” or any neighbor thereof. The third character ina permutation is “e” (the third character in the input sequence) orneighbors thereof, and so forth.

In some embodiments, permutations may be determined for apredefined-length subset of the input sequence and strings of the samepredefined length may be generated from the permutations. In someembodiments, the predefined length is 3 characters. That is, thepermutations are determined and prefix strings are generated from thefirst three characters in the input sequence and neighbors thereof. Ifthe length of the input sequence is less than the predefined length, aprocess other than process flow 200 may be used to provide wordrecommendations. For example, if the input sequence is one or twocharacters long, the input sequence in its entirety may be comparedagainst words in a dictionary and best matches are identified.

The set of strings are compared against a dictionary. Words in thedictionary that have any of the set of strings as a prefix areidentified (206). As used herein, “prefix” means that the string is aprefix of a word in the dictionary or is itself a word in thedictionary. A dictionary, as used herein, refers to a list of words. Thedictionary may be pre-made and stored in the memory. The dictionary mayalso include usage frequency rankings for each word in the dictionary. Ausage frequency ranking for a word indicates (or more generally,corresponds to) the statistical usage frequency for that word in alanguage. In some embodiments, the dictionary may include differentusage frequency rankings for different variants of a language. Forexample, a dictionary of words in the English language may havedifferent usage frequency rankings with respect to American English andBritish English.

In some embodiments, the dictionary may be customizable. That is,additional words may be added to the dictionary by the user.Furthermore, in some embodiments, different applications may havedifferent dictionaries with different words and usage frequencyrankings. For example, an email application and an SMS application mayhave different dictionaries, with different words and perhaps differentusage frequency rankings within the same language.

The identified words are the candidate words that may be presented tothe user as recommended replacements for the input sequence. Thecandidate words are scored (208). Each candidate word is scored based ona character-to-character comparison with the input sequence andoptionally other factors. Further details regarding the scoring ofcandidate words are described below, in relation to FIGS. 3 and 7A—7C. Asubset of the candidate words are selected based on predefined criteria(210) and the selected subset is presented to the user (212). In someembodiments, the selected candidate words are presented to the user as ahorizontal listing of words.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 3, a flow diagram illustrating aprocess of scoring candidate words in accordance with some embodiments.Process flow 300 describes a process of scoring a candidate word. Thescoring helps determine which word(s) in the dictionary is/are the bestpotential replacement(s) for the input sequence of characters.

Each character in a candidate word is compared to the character in thecorresponding position in the input sequence (302). Thus, the firstcharacter in the candidate word is compared to the first character inthe input sequence, the second character in the candidate word iscompared to the second character in the input sequence, and so forth. Ifeither the candidate word or the input sequence is longer than theother, then the additional characters beyond the shorter length of thetwo are ignored in the comparison. In some embodiments, furthercomparison of the candidate word with the input sequence may be made.For example, the further comparison may include determining the numberof character differences between the candidate words and the inputsequence, and determining if any character differences are a result oftransposed characters. A score is calculated for the candidate wordbased on the comparison described above (304). Each character comparisonyields a value, and the values are added to yield the score for thecandidate word.

In some embodiments, the score value given for a character comparison isbased on the actual characters as opposed to merely whether thecharacters match. More particularly, the value may be based on whetherthe character in the candidate word matches the corresponding characterin the input sequence exactly and/or whether the character in thecandidate word is a keyboard layout neighbor of the correspondingcharacter in the input sequence.

Optionally, a first “bonus” may be added to the score of the candidateword if the candidate word and the input sequence are different in onlyone character (306). Similarly, an optional second “bonus” may be addedto the score of the candidate word if the candidate word and the inputsequence are different in only a pair of transposed adjacent characters(308). Further details regarding candidate word scoring is describedbelow, in relation to FIGS. 7A-7C.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 4, a flow diagram illustrating aprocess of selecting and presenting candidate words in accordance withsome embodiments. Process flow 400 describes in further details blocks210 and 212 (FIG. 2), which involves selection and presentation ofcandidate words.

In some embodiments, the candidate words are split into two groups basedon their usage frequency rankings within the dictionary (402). A firstgroup includes the candidate words whose usage frequency rankings exceeda predefined threshold. The second group includes the candidate wordswhose usage frequency rankings does not exceed the threshold. With eachof the two groups, the candidate words are sorted by their candidateword scores.

There may be candidate words in the second group whose scores are veryhigh because, for example, they match the input sequence exactly oralmost exactly. In some embodiments, these high-scoring words may beremoved from the second group and added to the first group if theirscores exceed the score of the highest scoring candidate word in thefirst group by a predefined margin (404). In some embodiments, thepredefined margin is that the score of the candidate word in the secondgroup must be at least two times the highest candidate word score in thefirst group.

One or more of the highest scoring candidate words in the first groupare presented to the user (406). It should be appreciated that ifcandidate words from the second group were moved to the first group asdescribed above, then the candidate words that are presented willinclude at least one candidate word that was originally in the secondgroup since that candidate word has a higher score than any of theoriginal candidate words in the first group.

In some embodiments, if block 404 is not performed, either because nocandidate word in the second group satisfies the score margin thresholdor because the moving of candidate words is not performed at all, thehighest scoring candidate word in the second group may nevertheless bepresented along with the candidate words from the first group (408).Furthermore, in some embodiments, the input sequence as entered by theuser may be presented as a matter of course (410). The user may chooseany one of the presented candidate words to replace the input sequence,including choosing the input sequence as entered if the user issatisfied with it.

Attention is now directed to FIGS. 5A and 5B, which are exemplarylayouts of letter keys on a keyboard in accordance with someembodiments. As described above, the prefix strings, based on whichcandidate words are identified, are generated based on characters in theinput sequence and their corresponding neighbor characters on a keyboardlayout. Keyboard layouts 502 and 504 are exemplary keyboard layouts. Akeyboard layout defines the positions of each key on the keyboard andthe alignment of the keys relative to each other. For ease ofdescription, only the letter keys of the layouts 502 and 504 are shown.It should be appreciated, however, that a keyboard layout may alsoinclude keys for numbers, punctuation, symbols, and functional keys. Insome embodiments, some keys may be overloaded, that is, a key maycorrespond to multiple characters and/or functions.

Layouts 502 and 504 are layouts that follow the well-known QWERTYlayout. However, the key alignment in layout 502 is different from thekey alignment in layout 504. In layout 502, the keys are aligned in rowsbut not in columns; a key in one row may straddle two keys in anadjacent row. For example, key “T” straddles keys “F” and “G” in layout502. In layout 504, the keys are aligned in columns as well as in rows.The definition of which keys are the neighbors of a key may be differentdepending on how the keys are aligned. In layout 502, the neighbors of aparticular key may be defined as the keys that are directly adjacent tothe particular key or whose peripheries “touch” a periphery of theparticular key. For example, the neighbors of key “G” in layout 502 arekeys “T,” “Y,” “F,” “H,” “V,” and “B;” and the neighbors of key “W” arekeys “Q,” “E,” “A,” and “S.” In layout 504, the neighbors of aparticular key may be defined as the keys that are immediately above,below, to the side of, and diagonal of the particular key. For example,the neighbors of key “G” in layout 504 are keys “R,” “T,” “Y,” “F,” “H,”“C,” “V,” and “B;” and the neighbors of key “W” are keys “Q,” “E,” “A,”“S,” and “D.”

It should be appreciated, however, that layouts 502 and 504 are merelyexemplary, and that other layouts and key alignments are possible andthe same key may have different neighbors in different layouts.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 6, an exemplary derivation ofcandidate words based on a text input in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the identification ofcandidate words from an input sequence.

In FIG. 6, the input sequence 602 is “rheatre.” For prefix strings ofthree characters in length, the first three characters and theircorresponding neighbors 604 are identified. Here, the first character is“r” and its neighbors, in accordance with the layout 502, are “e,” “d,”“f,” and “t.” The second character is “h,” and its neighbors are “y,”“u,” “g,” “j,” “b,” and “n.” The third character is “e,” and itsneighbors are “w,” “s,” “d,” and “r.”

From the input characters and corresponding neighbors, the characterpermutations 606 are determined. Each permutation is a charactercombination where the first character is the first input character or aneighbor thereof, the second character is the second input character ora neighbor thereof, and the third character is the third input characteror a neighbor thereof. From these permutations, prefix strings aregenerated and compared to words in the dictionary. Examples ofthree-character permutations based on the input sequence 602 include“the,” “rus,” “rye,” and “due.” Words in the dictionary that have one ofthese strings as a prefix are identified as candidate words 608.Examples of candidate words include “theater,” “rye,” “rusty,” “due,”“the,” and “there.” In other embodiments, the character permutations mayinclude four, five, or more characters, rather than three characters.

Attention is now directed to FIGS. 7A-7C, which are examples of scoringof candidate words in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 7A shows aninput sequence and three possible candidate words that may be identifiedfrom permutations of the first three characters of the input sequence.The candidate words are compared to the input sequencecharacter-by-character and scores for the candidate words are tallied.

In some embodiments, a score tally of a candidate word involvesassigning a value for each character comparison and adding the valuestogether. The value that is assigned for a character comparison is basedon the result of the comparison. Particularly, the value is based onwhether the character in the candidate word, compared to the characterin the corresponding position in the input sequence, is an exact match,a neighbor on the keyboard layout, or neither. In some embodiments, thevalue assigned for an exact match is a predefined value N. If thecharacters are not an exact match but are neighbors, then the valueassigned is a value αN, where a is a constant and α<1. In someembodiments, a is 0.5. In other words, the value assigned for a neighbormatch is a reduction of the value for an exact match.

In some embodiments, if the character in the candidate word is neitheran exact match or a neighbor of the corresponding character in the inputsequence, then the assigned value is βN, where β is a constant andβ<α<1. For example, β may be 0.25. In some other embodiments, β may be afunction of the “distance” between the characters on the keyboardlayout. That is, 13 may be a smaller number if the candidate wordcharacter is farther away on the keyboard layout from the input sequencecharacter than if the candidate word character is closer on the keyboardlayout from the input sequence character without being a neighbor.

More generally, the value assigned for a character comparison is γN,where N is a predefined value, γ=1 for an exact match, and γ may varybased on some function of the “distance” on the layout between thecharacter in the candidate word and the corresponding character in theinput sequence. For example, γ may be 1 for an exact match, 0.5 for aneighbor, and 0 otherwise. As another example, γ may be 0.5 for aneighbor (a 1-key radius), 0.25 for keys that are two keys away (a 2-keyradius), and 0 for keys that are three or more keys away. In someembodiments, N is equal to 1.

If the candidate word has a length that is longer than the inputsequence, or vice versa, then the character positions that are beyondthe lesser of the two lengths are ignored or assigned a value of 0.

The first candidate word shown in FIG. 7A is “theater.” Compared to theinput sequence of “rheatre,” there are exact matches in the second thrufifth positions. The characters in the first, sixth, and seventhpositions of the candidate word are keyboard layout neighbors of inputsequence characters in the corresponding positions. Thus, the score for“theater” in this case is 0.5N+N+N+N+N+0.5N+0.5N=5.5N.

The second candidate word is “threats.” Compared to the input sequenceof “rheatre,” there is an exact match in the second position. Thecharacters in the first, third, sixth, and seventh positions of thecandidate word are keyboard layout neighbors of the input sequencecharacters in the corresponding positions, and the characters in thefourth and fifth positions of the candidate word are neither exactmatches nor neighbors of the input sequence characters in thecorresponding positions. Thus, the score for “threats” in this case is0.5N+N+0.5N+0.25N+0.25N+0.5N+0.5N=3.5N.

The third candidate word is “there.” Compared to the input sequence of“rheatre,” there is an exact match in the second and third positions.The character in the first position of the candidate word is a keyboardlayout neighbor of the input sequence character in the correspondingposition, and the characters in the fourth and fifth positions of thecandidate word are neither exact matches nor neighbors of the inputsequence characters in the corresponding positions. Furthermore, becausethe input sequence is two characters longer than the candidate word, thelast two characters in the input sequence are ignored in the comparisonand are assigned score values of 0. Thus, the score for “there” in thiscase is 0.5N+N+N+0.25N+0.25N=3N.

Some candidate words, when compared to the input sequence, may merit ascore bonus, examples of which are shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C. In FIG. 7B,the input sequence is “thaeter” and the candidate word is “theater.” Thescore based on the character comparisons alone is 5.5N. However, theonly difference between “thaeter” and “theater” is a pair of transposedor swapped characters, namely “ae” in “thaeter” vs. “ea” in “theater.”In some embodiments, a first bonus P is added to the score for thisfact. In FIG. 7C, the input sequence is “thester” and the candidate wordis “theater.” The score based on the character comparisons alone is6.5N. However, the only difference between “thester” and “theater” is asingle character, namely “s” in “thester” vs. “a” in “theater.” In someembodiments, a second bonus Q is added to the score for this fact. Insome embodiments, both P and Q are equal to 0.75.

It should be appreciated that, in some other embodiments, alternativecandidate word scoring and selection schemes other than the onesdescribed above may be used.

For example, one alternative scheme may include, instead of dividing thecandidate words into the first and second groups based on usagefrequency rankings, the usage frequency rankings may instead be used asa weighting to be applied to candidate word scores. That is, the scoreof a candidate word is multiplied by the usage frequency ranking of thecandidate word, and candidate words for presentation are selected basedon their weighted scores.

As another example, another scheme replaces candidate word scoring basedon character-by-character comparisons, as described above, with scoringbased on the edit distance (also known as the Levenshtein distance)between the input sequence and the candidate word. That is, the score ofa candidate word is the edit distance between the candidate word and theinput sequence, or a function thereof, and candidate words are selectedfor presentation based on the edit distance scores. Alternately, thescore for each candidate is based on the edit distance multiplied by (orotherwise combined with) the usage frequency ranking of the candidate,and candidate words are selected for presentation based on these scores.

As another example, another scheme uses a graph-matching technique. Inthis technique, the sequence of individual touch points that a userinputs into the device for a word (e.g., by contacts with a virtualkeyboard on the touch screen) form a directed graph. This user-inputdirected graph is compared against a collection of directed graphs forrespective words in a dictionary to generate a list of dictionary wordsthat most closely match the user typing. In some embodiments, theprobability that a user-input directed graph matches the directed graphfor a dictionary word is calculated as follows:

Let U_(1 . . . n) be each point in the user-input directed graph.

Let D_(1 . . . n) be each point in the directed graph of a dictionaryword. Points in this directed graph are assigned based on the centroidof the key that inputs the corresponding letter, as represented in thekeyboard user interface.

Let P_(1 . . . n) be, for each point in the user-input directed graph,the probability that the letter corresponding to U_(x) equals the lettercorresponding to D_(x). In some embodiments, a respective P_(x) iscomputed by calculating the Euclidean distance between the points U_(x)and D_(x), and applying a factor based on the size of the user interfaceelements that indicate the keys on the keyboard. A minimum probabilitymay be entered for P_(x) if the graphs for the user word and thedictionary word are different lengths. In one embodiment, the factor(based on the size of the user interface elements that indicate the keyson the keyboard) is a divisor that is equal to, or proportional to, thedistance between center points of two horizontally adjacent keys on thekeyboard.

Multiplying the probabilities in P_(1 . . . n) together yields G, theprobability that a graph for a dictionary word matches the user-inputgraph. In some embodiments, G is multiplied by F, the frequency that theword occurs in the source language/domain. Furthermore, in someembodiments G is also multiplied by N, a factor calculated byconsidering one or more words previously typed by the user. For example,in a sentence/passage being typed by a user, “to” is more likely tofollow “going,” but “ti” is more likely to follow “do re mi fa so la.”In some embodiments, G is multiplied by both F and N to yield Ω, theprobability that a user-input directed graph matches a dictionary word.

The collection of dictionary words with the highest probabilities may bepresented in a display for user consideration, for example as describedin “Method, System, and Graphical User Interface for Providing WordRecommendations” (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/620,642, filedJan. 5, 2007), the content of which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety. In some embodiments, the top-ranked word is presentedfor selection by the user as described below with respect to FIGS. 11A,11B, and 12. In some embodiments, the top-ranked word is selected forthe user by the device without user intervention.

In some embodiments, as word recommendations are offered by the portabledevice and selected by the user, statistics regarding the correctionsmade are collected. For example, the characters in an input sequencethat was replaced by a candidate word selected by the user and thecorresponding characters may be logged. Over time, the corrections logmay be analyzed for patterns that may indicate a pattern of repeatedtyping errors by the user. If the keyboard is a virtual keyboard on atouch screen of the portable device, the portable device mayautomatically adjust or recalibrate the contact regions of the keys ofthe virtual keyboard to compensate for the user pattern of typingerrors. As another example, for a given input sequence, the wordselected by the user may be recommended first or given a higher scorewhen the same input sequence is subsequently entered by the user.

In some embodiments, a user interface object is activated if thedetermined touch point position falls within a user interface object's“hit region” (or equivalently, “hit area”) and there are no overlappingobjects with larger hit regions. The hit region of a user interfaceobject may be the same size as, or larger, or smaller, than the visiblesize of the user interface object as it is displayed on the touchscreen. As explained below, an object (e.g., a high-probability nextcharacter in a keyboard during text input) may have a hit region that islarger than the visible size of the user interface object as it isdisplayed on the touch screen (e.g., key icon “O” has an enlarged hitregion denoted by the dotted line around the “O” key icon in FIG. 8B).For such objects, the portion of the hit region that is larger than thecorresponding user interface object is called a hidden hit region.

For example, the total hit area associated with a key icon on a keyboardmay be dynamically adjusted (e.g., updated after each character in acharacter string is entered) with the following formula:A _(Total)(i)=A _(Visible)(i)A _(Hidden)(i)=A _(Visible)(i){1+[P(i)·K]}where,

-   A_(Total) (i)=total hit area for the adjustable hit region for    character i,-   A_(Visible)=visible key area on the touch screen for character i,-   A_(Hidden)=hidden hit area for character i,-   P(i)=probability that the next character entered will be i (where    the probability is based on the previous characters entered in the    character string and one or more types of word usage frequency), and-   K=an empirically determined, positive constant that depends on the    size of the keys on the touch screen display.

For this example, the total hit area, A_(Total) is never less than thevisible key area, A_(Visible) (i). The adjustable hit region for a keyicon includes a visible key area displayed on the touch screen displayand a hidden hit region not displayed on the touch screen display. Insome embodiments, the visible key area A_(Visible) (i) for a given keyis constant, while the hidden hit area A_(Hidden) (i) is dynamic,thereby making the total hit area A_(Total) (i) dynamic as well. K canbe determined by trial and error by observing users interacting with aparticular keyboard. K approaches zero as the size of the visible keysincreases on the touch screen. In other words, if the key icons becomecomparable to or larger than the finger contact areas on the touchscreen, hidden hit regions are no longer needed to help identify the keyicon that the user probably intended to hit.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an exemplary method for dynamically adjustinghidden hit regions associated with soft keyboard keys as a word is typedwith the soft keyboard keys in accordance with some embodiments. Theuser interface includes an input field 5620 and a soft keyboard 5640. Auser selection of any key icon of the soft keyboard 5640 enters acorresponding user-selected character in the input field 5620. Forillustrative purposes, as shown in FIG. 8A, all the key icons initiallyhave the same size hit regions, which correspond to the visibleboundaries of the keys.

FIG. 8B depicts changes in the sizes of hidden hit regions associatedwith different key icons after two characters “G-O” are entered into theinput field 5620. The sizes of the hidden regions for the keys have beenadjusted in accordance with the previously entered characters. Forexample, the size of the hidden hit region for the key icon “D”increases because “God” is a common English word. Thus, the key icon “D”may be activated even if the next finger contact (as illustrated by the“+” sign in FIG. 8B) is on the visible area of the key icon “F.” In someembodiments, if the hidden hit regions of two (or more) keys overlapwith the finger contact (or with a touch point position derived from afinger contact), then the key with the largest hit region A_(Total) (i)(including its hidden hit region A_(Hidden) (i)) is selected. Similarly,the hidden hit regions associated with key icons “A” and “0” are alsoincreased because each of the strings “Goa” and “Goo” leads to one ormore legitimate English words such as “Goal”, “Good”, or “Goad.” In someembodiments, the hit regions of unlikely next characters (e.g., key icon“K” is unlikely because the string “Gok” is not found at the beginningof any common English words) shrink so that the hit area is less thanthe visible area of the key. In some embodiments, the hit regions ofunlikely next characters do not shrink. Such keys will not be selectedin the areas where they overlap with keys with enlarged hit regions.

FIG. 8C depicts the updated hidden hit regions associated with differentkey icons after another character “a” is entered into the input field5620. Given the string “Goa” that has been entered, the user may betyping the word “Goal.” Accordingly, the size of the hidden hit regionassociated with the key icon “L” increases, whereas the hidden hitregion associated with the key icon “O” drops (e.g., to it defaultinitial value) because the string “Goao” is not found at the beginningof any common English words.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary derivation of candidate words based ontext input in accordance with some embodiments. A set of key icons(e.g., soft keyboard 5640, FIG. 8A) are displayed on a touch screendisplay, as discussed above. A first touch point input is received fromthe user, and is construed by the portable electronic device as thecharacter “R,” because the probability of the character “R” isdetermined to be greater than the probability of other characters, suchas “T,” based on the location of the first touch point input. Forexample, the first touch point may be on a key icon for the letter “R.”Alternately, the first touch point may be at a location that is betweenthe key icons for the letters “R” and “T,” but closer to the letter “R.”With only a single touch point input so far, the probabilities aredetermined based solely or primarily on touch probabilities.

Next, a second touch point input is received from the user, this timewithin the hit region for the key icon for the letter “h”. The devicenow evaluates both touch-based probabilities (P_(touch)(r),P_(touch)(h)), for candidate characters corresponding to the first andsecond touch point inputs and usage-based probabilities (P_(usage)(r),P_(usage)(h)) for the first and second touch point inputs. A combinedprobability for each of a plurality of candidate character sequences(e.g., Rh, Th) is determined. If there is a candidate character sequencehaving a probability that is greater than the probability for thedisplayed character sequence, and that meets any other applicableselection criteria, then a suggested character string corresponding tothe candidate character sequence having the highest probability isdisplayed. If the displayed suggested character string (e.g., a word) isselected by the user, for example by touching the space bar or otherdelimiter icon (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 11A, 11 B, and 12), thedisplayed suggested character string replaces the previously displayedsequence of characters. If the user does not select (e.g., does nottouch an icon for a delimiter) the displayed suggested character string,the user can instead continue to input additional touch points. In theexample shown in FIG. 9, the third touch point input is on or near thekey icon for the letter “e.” At this point, the device may determinethat the probability for the candidate character sequence “T-h-e” [e.g.,P_(touch)(t)P_(usage)(t)P_(touch)(h)P_(usage)(h)P_(touch)(e)P_(usage)(e), FIG. 9] is greater than the probability forthe currently displayed character sequence, “R-h-e” [e.g.,P_(touch)(r)P_(usage)(r) P_(touch)(h)P_(usage)(h)P_(touch)(e)P_(usage)(e), FIG. 9], and is also greater than theprobability for any other candidate character sequence that iscompatible with the sequence of touch point inputs received so far. Inthat case, the suggested character string “The” is displayed and madeavailable for selection by the user. If the user is actually trying totype the word “rhesus,” then in response to detecting a user touch pointon or near the “s” icon key, the device will cease to display thesuggested word “The.” On the other hand, in response to detecting a usertouch point on or near the space bar or other delimiter icon key, thedevice will replace “Rhe” with the suggested word “The.”

FIGS. 10A and 10B are flow diagrams illustrating text input processes1000 and 1050 in accordance with some embodiments. The processesincrease the accuracy of text entered on touch screen keyboards by touchinput and the accuracy of suggested words, respectively. Process 1000 isperformed at a portable electronic device having a touch screen display(e.g., device 100).

The device displays (1002) a plurality of key icons (e.g., in keyboard5640, FIG. 8A), each key icon having an adjustable hit region ofdynamically adjustable size (e.g., FIGS. 8B-8C). In some embodiments,the hit region of each key icon has a default size equal to a visibledisplay size of the key icon (e.g., FIG. 8A).

The devices receives (1004) a sequence of individual touch points inputby a user on the touch screen display. Each touch point is determined atlift off of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a stylus contact) fromthe touch screen display. An image with an enlarged version of acharacter that will be selected as the character corresponding to anindividual touch point is displayed prior to lift off of a respectivecontact (e.g., the letter “N” in FIG. 11A). The character image that isdisplayed prior to lift off is selected in accordance with theadjustable hit regions of the displayed key icons. For example, if thehidden hit regions of two (or more) keys overlap with the finger contact(or with a touch point position derived from a finger contact), then acharacter image that corresponds to the key with the largest hit regionA_(Total) (i) (including its hidden hit region A_(Hidden) (i)) isselected for display.

After receiving each of the individual touch points, the device:

-   -   forms a user-input directed graph for the sequence of individual        touch points received so far;    -   determines a character corresponding to a last received        individual touch point in accordance with the adjustable hit        regions of the displayed key icons;    -   displays a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence        of individual touch points, including the determined character;        and    -   updates sizes of the adjustable hit regions for a plurality of        the key icons (1006).

As noted above, in some embodiments, if the hidden hit regions of two(or more) keys overlap with a finger contact (or with a touch pointposition derived from the finger contact), then the charactercorresponding to the key with the largest hit region (including itshidden hit region) is selected as the determined character.

In some embodiments, the device determines (1008) one of more alternatesequences of characters corresponding to the sequence of individualtouch points, and determines a respective probability for each of thealternate sequences of characters and for the displayed sequence ofcharacters. In some embodiments, the device displays a suggestedreplacement character string comprising a selected one of the alternatesequence of characters when the probability of the selected alternatesequence meets one or more predefined criteria with respect to theprobability of the displayed sequence of characters [e.g., in FIG. 9,P_(touch)(t)P_(usage)(t) P_(touch)(h)P_(usage)(h)P_(touch)(e)P_(usage)(e)>P_(touch)(r)P_(usage)(r)P_(touch)(h)P_(usage)(h) P_(touch)(e)P_(usage)(e)].

In some embodiments, the device receives (1010) a touch pointcorresponding to a deletion key icon; deletes one or more of thedisplayed characters to produce a shortened sequence of characters;receives additional individual touch points; and after receiving each ofthe additional individual touch points: determines and displays asuggested character string only when the suggested character stringstarts with the shortened sequence of characters and the suggestedcharacter string meets predefined character string suggestion criteria(1010).

In some embodiments, the size of the adjustable hit region for arespective key icon is updated in accordance with the sequence ofindividual touch points input by the user. In some embodiments, updatingthe size of the adjustable hit region for a respective key icon includesdetermining a probability associated with the respective key icon anddetermining a size of the adjustable hit region in accordance with thedetermined probability. In some embodiments, the probability associatedwith the respective key icon is determined in accordance with thedisplayed sequence of characters (e.g., “Go” in FIG. 8B). In someembodiments, the probability associated with the respective key icon isdetermined in accordance with a plurality of character sequencesincluding the displayed sequence of characters and at least one othersequence of characters consistent with the sequence of individual touchpoints input by the user. For example, the probability associated withthe respective key icon may be based on the displayed sequence ofcharacters (e.g., “Go” in FIG. 8B) and the top N (where N=1, 2, 5, etc.)candidate words (e.g., God, Goal, and Good for N=3) consistent with thesequence of individual touch points input by the user.

In some embodiments, the device determines a respective probability foreach of a plurality of character sequences consistent with the sequenceof individual touch points input by the user. The probability associatedwith the respective key icon is determined in accordance with determinedprobabilities of the plurality of character sequences, each of whichcomprises a potential prefix for a next character corresponding to anext touch point input by the user.

Process 1050 is performed at a portable electronic device having a touchscreen display (e.g., device 100). The process increases the accuracy ofsuggested words by using information derived from character deletion bya user on the character string currently being entered. In the process,in addition to meeting other predefined word suggestion criteria, a wordis not suggested unless the word starts with the shortened sequence ofcharacters that remain after a user has deleted characters from thecurrent character string being input by the user.

The device displays (1030) a plurality of key icons (e.g., soft keyboard5640, FIG. 8A).

The device receives (1032) a sequence of individual touch points inputby a user on the touch screen display.

The device displays (1034) a sequence of characters corresponding to thesequence of individual touch points.

The device receives (1036) a touch point corresponding to a deletion keyicon.

The device deletes (1038) one or more of the displayed characters toproduce a shortened sequence of characters.

The device receives (1040) additional individual touch points.

After receiving each of the additional individual touch points, thedevice:

-   -   displays a current sequence of characters including characters        associated with the additional individual touch points; and    -   determines and displays a suggested character string only when        the suggested character string starts with the shortened        sequence of characters and the suggested character string meets        predefined character string suggestion criteria (1042).

In some embodiments, the device determines a respective probability forthe suggested character string and for the current sequence ofcharacters. The predefined character string suggestion criteria includea requirement that the determined probability for the suggestedcharacter string be greater than the determined probability for thecurrent sequence of characters.

In some embodiments, the predefined character string suggestion criteriainclude a requirement that the determined probability for the suggestedcharacter string be greater than the determined probability for thecurrent sequence of characters by at least a predefined margin. Forexample, the margin may be a 10% margin, requiring that the probabilityfor the suggested character string is at least 10% greater than theprobability for the current sequence of characters.

In some embodiments, the determined probabilities are determined inaccordance with the additional individual touch points input by theuser.

In some embodiments, the determined probabilities are determined inaccordance with the shortened sequence of characters and the additionalindividual touch points input by the user.

In some embodiments, the suggested character string comprises a completeword.

In some embodiments, the suggested character string comprises a completeword that includes at least one character not currently included in theplurality of displayed key icons. For example, if the user enters theletters “bete,” the suggested word may be “bête.” The suggested wordincludes “ê”, which may not be displayed on a key icon on the keyboard.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an exemplary user interface for inputtingtext in accordance with some embodiments.

In some embodiments, user interfaces 1100A and 1100B include thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 650 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 652;    -   Battery status indicator 654;    -   Text entry area 612;    -   Send icon 614 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the        icon) initiates sending of the message in text box 612 to        another party (e.g., Mike Van Os);    -   Soft keyboard 616 for entering text in area 612;    -   Alternate keyboard selector icon 618 that when activated (e.g.,        by a finger tap on the icon) initiates the display of a        different keyboard (e.g., a soft keyboard with numbers);    -   Return icon 620 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on        the icon) initiates a new line in the message in text box 612;    -   Shift key 628 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on the        icon) capitalizes the next letter chosen on soft keyboard 616    -   Recipient input field 632 that when activated (e.g., by a finger        tap on the field) receives and displays the phone number of the        recipient of the instant message (or the recipient's name if the        recipient is already in the user's contact list);    -   Add recipient icon 634 that when activated (e.g., by a finger        tap on the icon) initiates the display of a scrollable list of        contacts;    -   Cancel icon 636 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap on        the icon) cancels the new instant message;    -   Second area with suggested word 644 (e.g., adjacent to the word        being input in text entry area 612);    -   Rejection icon 645;    -   Space bar 646; and/or    -   Insertion marker 656 (e.g., a cursor, insertion bar, insertion        point, or pointer).

In some embodiments, a user can set whether the second area 644 with asuggested word is shown (e.g., by setting a user preference). In someembodiments, a letter is enlarged briefly before or after it is selected(e.g., an enlarged “N” 660 is displayed briefly while typing the “n” in“din” in FIG. 11A) to provide feedback to the user.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 1200 for inputting texton a portable electronic device with a soft keyboard and a touch screendisplay (e.g., device 100) in accordance with some embodiments. Theprocess makes it very simple and intuitive for a user to accept orreject suggested words.

In a first area (e.g., text entry area 612) of the touch screen display,the device displays (1202) a current character string being input by auser with the soft keyboard (e.g., “din”, FIG. 11A).

In a second area 644 of the touch screen display, the device displays(1204) a suggested replacement character string for the currentcharacter string (e.g., “dinner” in area 644, FIG. 11A). In someembodiments, the second area 644 includes a suggestion rejection icon645 adjacent to the suggested replacement character string (e.g., thecircled “X” in area 644 adjacent to “dinner”).

The device replaces (1206) the current character string in the firstarea with the suggested replacement character string in response todetecting user activation of a key on the soft keyboard associated witha delimiter. For example, if the user activates the space bar key 646 onkeyboard 615, the character string “din” in area 612 is replaced withthe suggested replacement character string “dinner,” as shown in FIG.11B.

The device keeps (1208) the current character string in the first areain response to detecting a finger gesture on the suggested replacementcharacter string displayed in the second area (e.g., a tap gesture onthe suggested replacement character string “dinner” ends display of thesuggested replacement character string “dinner” and the suggestionrejection icon 645, while the current character string “din” is kept inarea 612, not shown).

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention andvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device, comprising: atouch-sensitive surface; a display; one or more processors; and memorystoring one or more programs configured to be executed by the one ormore processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a set of one or more inputs;in response to receiving the set of one or more inputs, displaying, in afirst area of the display, a sequence of characters corresponding to theset of one or more inputs; in accordance with a determination that adisplay suggested word setting is enabled: displaying, in a second areaof the display, one or more suggested character strings based on thesequence of characters; receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, aninput; in response to receiving the input: in accordance with adetermination that the input corresponds to selection of the one or moresuggested character strings:  maintaining display of the sequence ofcharacters corresponding to the set of one or more inputs; and  ceasingto display the one or more suggested character strings in the secondarea on the display; in accordance with a determination that the inputcorresponds to a key associated with a non-delimiter:  concatenatingdisplay of the sequence of characters in the first area with thenon-delimited character;  in accordance with a determination thatrespective probabilities of the one or more suggested character stringsexceeds respective probabilities associated with the concatenatedsequence of characters, maintaining display of the one or more suggestedcharacter strings in the second area on the display; and  in accordancewith a determination that the respective probabilities associated withthe concatenated sequence of characters exceeds the respectiveprobabilities of the one or more suggested character strings, ceasing todisplay the one or more suggested character strings in the second areaon the display; and in accordance with a determination that the displaysuggested word setting is disabled, forgoing to display one or moresuggested character strings in the second area on the display.
 2. Theelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the second area is adjacent to thesequence of characters in the first area.
 3. The electronic device ofclaim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: inresponse to receiving the input and in accordance with a determinationthat the input corresponds to a key associated with a delimiter:maintaining display of the sequence of characters corresponding to theset of one or more inputs; and ceasing to display the one or moresuggested character strings in the second area on the display.
 4. Theelectronic device of claim 3, wherein the key associated with thedelimiter is a space bar.
 5. A non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one ormore processors of an electronic device with a display and atouch-sensitive surface, the one or more programs including instructionsfor: receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a set of one or moreinputs; in response to receiving the set of one or more inputs,displaying, in a first area of the display, a sequence of characterscorresponding to the set of one or more inputs; in accordance with adetermination that a display suggested word setting is enabled:displaying, in a second area of the display, one or more suggestedcharacter strings based on the sequence of characters; receiving, viathe touch-sensitive surface, an input; in response to receiving theinput: in accordance with a determination that the input corresponds toselection of the one or more suggested character strings: maintainingdisplay of the sequence of characters corresponding to the set of one ormore inputs; and ceasing to display the one or more suggested characterstrings in the second area on the display; in accordance with adetermination that the input corresponds to a key associated with anon-delimiter: concatenating display of the sequence of characters inthe first area with the non-delimited character; in accordance with adetermination that respective probabilities of the one or more suggestedcharacter strings exceeds respective probabilities associated with theconcatenated sequence of characters, maintaining display of the one ormore suggested character strings in the second area on the display; andin accordance with a determination that the respective probabilitiesassociated with the concatenated sequence of characters exceeds therespective probabilities of the one or more suggested character strings,ceasing to display the one or more suggested character strings in thesecond area on the display; and in accordance with a determination thatthe display suggested word setting is disabled, forgoing to display oneor more suggested character strings in the second area on the display.6. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 5,wherein the second area is adjacent to the sequence of characters in thefirst area.
 7. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 5, the one or more programs further including instructions for: inresponse to receiving the input and in accordance with a determinationthat the input corresponds to a key associated with a delimiter:maintaining display of the sequence of characters corresponding to theset of one or more inputs; and ceasing to display the one or moresuggested character strings in the second area on the display.
 8. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein thekey associated with the delimiter is a space bar.
 9. A method,comprising: at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitivesurface: receiving, via the touch-sensitive surface, a set of one ormore inputs; in response to receiving the set of one or more inputs,displaying, in a first area of the display, a sequence of characterscorresponding to the set of one or more inputs; in accordance with adetermination that a display suggested word setting is enabled:displaying, in a second area of the display, one or more suggestedcharacter strings based on the sequence of characters; receiving, viathe touch-sensitive surface, an input; in response to receiving theinput: in accordance with a determination that the input corresponds toselection of the one or more suggested character strings:  maintainingdisplay of the sequence of characters corresponding to the set of one ormore inputs; and  ceasing to display the one or more suggested characterstrings in the second area on the display; in accordance with adetermination that the input corresponds to a key associated with anon-delimiter:  concatenating display of the sequence of characters inthe first area with the non-delimited character;  in accordance with adetermination that respective probabilities of the one or more suggestedcharacter strings exceeds respective probabilities associated with theconcatenated sequence of characters, maintaining display of the one ormore suggested character strings in the second area on the display; and in accordance with a determination that the respective probabilitiesassociated with the concatenated sequence of characters exceeds therespective probabilities of the one or more suggested character strings,ceasing to display the one or more suggested character strings in thesecond area on the display; and in accordance with a determination thatthe display suggested word setting is disabled forgoing to display oneor more suggested character strings in the second area on the display.10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second area is adjacent to thesequence of characters in the first area.
 11. The method of claim 9,further comprising: in response to receiving the input and in accordancewith a determination that the second input corresponds to a keyassociated with a delimiter: maintaining display of the sequence ofcharacters corresponding to the set of one or more inputs; and ceasingto display the one or more suggested character strings in the secondarea on the display.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the keyassociated with the delimiter is a space bar.